tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67372456805714155322024-03-18T21:52:59.926-07:00TimekeepersAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-81656719527657765032016-06-29T17:11:00.001-07:002016-06-30T13:19:58.156-07:00Lugalbanda<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Everybody loves a superhero. Decades of comic books sales
and blockbuster Hollywood sequels attest to this. The ancients loved their superheroes too. Many people are familiar with the legendary hero Gilgamesh, a central figure in <b><a href="https://www.facebook.com/TimekeepersSeries/?ref=bookmarks" target="_blank">The Timekeepers Series</a>.</b> Less familiar is Lugalbanda,
Gilgamesh’s alleged father. The Sumerians and Akkadians both told tales of
Lugalbanda and his adventures. The stories were so mainstream at the time that
they were actually part of the Sumerian scribal school curriculum. Several tablets dating to 20<sup>th</sup>-17<sup>th</sup>
century BC have been discovered in southern Iraq.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/H%C3%A9rosma%C3%AEtrisantunlion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/H%C3%A9rosma%C3%AEtrisantunlion.jpg" width="243" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gilgamesh </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">In the tale <a href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.2.1#" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lugalbanda and the Mountain Cave</i></a>, Lugalbanda is a soldier in King Enmerkar’s army. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmerkar" target="_blank">Enmerkar</a>,
the founder and first king of Uruk, is leading his army to lay siege to the city of Aratta, whose king he has a quarrel with over the favors of a certain goddess, Inana and the matter of tribute. The soldier, Lugalbanda, happens to fall sick along the way. “No
man left behind” has not entered the warrior’s creed yet and his fellow soldiers
leave him alone in a cave with a few provisions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">There he</span> lies in a fevered state for two
days, praying to his gods that he will be healed. His prayers are answered as the gods speak to him in a dream and command him to rise up and sacrifice some animals. Rounding up a bull and a couple of goats on the highlands of ancient Iran, he does the gods' bidding. Not much is left of
this particular tale, but the story continues in <a href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.2.2#" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lugalbanda and the Anzu Bird</i></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr6LgAf_X32eFVKau7kFFUUxUacGIJl_0EeeKp7SDBcbEeDIsiAdw9DBQEHuYG-yZXCZbLzdbXSHKVN101yeA-RpOr2akm5chYUJX2EmjDQQopJhh5k3GuNZDoVD61-oeNQPUt-XcezcE/s1600/British+Museum+Bird.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr6LgAf_X32eFVKau7kFFUUxUacGIJl_0EeeKp7SDBcbEeDIsiAdw9DBQEHuYG-yZXCZbLzdbXSHKVN101yeA-RpOr2akm5chYUJX2EmjDQQopJhh5k3GuNZDoVD61-oeNQPUt-XcezcE/s320/British+Museum+Bird.jpg" width="294" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anzu Bird (British Museum)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large; mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: large; mso-spacerun: yes;">Feeling well enough to set out to join the king’s army in their attempt
to overtake Aratta, Lugalbanda, alone on the trail, finds
a baby Anzu bird. No ordinary bird, this one has the head of a lion and
the
body of an eagle. The chick is hungry, waiting for its hunting mother to
return
with food. When the giant of a mother bird returns and finds her baby in
the care of Lugalbanda, she returns the soldier's kindness by bestowing
upon him the ability to travel at supersonic speed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The newly transformed superhero </span>then runs faster than a speeding bullet to Aratta
where he finds the king failing in his attempt to overtake the
city. The king decides to seek the advice of the goddess Inana.
Confident now in his new
role of superhero, Lugalbanda volunteers for the mission and zips over
seven
mountain passes to arrive at the goddess' temple that same day.
Returning just as quickly with Inana's sage advice, it’s easy to see how
Lugalbanda ends up becoming King Enmerkar's successor and makes the <a href="http://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/as11.pdf" target="_blank">Sumerian Kings List</a> as
the second king of Uruk. </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Ishtar_Eshnunna_Louvre_AO12456.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Ishtar_Eshnunna_Louvre_AO12456.jpg" width="206" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ishtar_Eshnunna_Louvre_AO12456.jpg" target="_blank">Inana/Ishtar </a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-24067287588602623892013-12-10T13:51:00.000-08:002013-12-10T13:51:16.915-08:00Cooper's Ferry Archaeological Site<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Now that we’re experiencing subzero weather here in Idaho, I
thought it was a good time to reflect on warmer days. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One day in late July, I remembered an
article I had read that stated that Oregon State University was excavating a
site at Cooper’s Ferry in the Salmon River Canyon near Cottonwood Idaho, and
that visitors were welcome to stop by. The site holds some of the earliest
evidence of humans in the Pacific Northwest and a team from OSU uses the site
as an archeology field school for eight weeks each summer.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf7IAm3knSNPUl9iDCpUg_uYWjB8r1tsuXqqVKg2hmJm7m2hlEr7J8_OiLkv3kaKxPZJ12zSGkxfE4ItR9eujh73xivXInjN_cy40ON3OtsBmkiN5aiY6dtxo46fDECz-DWUw26Nc8W-M/s1600/20130723_144029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf7IAm3knSNPUl9iDCpUg_uYWjB8r1tsuXqqVKg2hmJm7m2hlEr7J8_OiLkv3kaKxPZJ12zSGkxfE4ItR9eujh73xivXInjN_cy40ON3OtsBmkiN5aiY6dtxo46fDECz-DWUw26Nc8W-M/s400/20130723_144029.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the Salmon River from the Cooper's Ferry Site</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I decided that it was great day to load up the Suburban and visit
the dig and enjoy some swimming at one of the beaches nearby. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I invited the neighbor girls and a close friend
and her daughter to join my three youngest children and me. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the eight seats were filled, we set off on our
adventure. Cooper’s Ferry is about an hour’s drive from our house, sufficient
time to get everyone excited about what we were going to see. I envisioned the
kids digging with trowels, sifting for
artifacts, maybe finding an arrowhead. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The area was alive with archaeology
students and their instructors. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I parked
along the road and went to speak with someone to verify that the kids were
welcome to get out and explore. Unfortunately, I was told, the site was only
open until 3PM (or maybe it was 2:45) and we had missed it by about five
minutes. They were closing down and wrapping things up, setting up security,
etc. They did give the kids some quiz cards and invited us to come back during
regular hours. </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOuoQgD3STsjkkg3_uOzenxmrkEfCzNn-LWsA2G_nU2uYfU-tDCrQB-eH8pEBk6_V4t9rinNI2X3fLrePzWiWivO1c8R-ii_b6gqDvmrTvKWEvZqVd0fwJprVJl3K8E63ThTkoQ-FMjVg/s1600/20130723_144010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOuoQgD3STsjkkg3_uOzenxmrkEfCzNn-LWsA2G_nU2uYfU-tDCrQB-eH8pEBk6_V4t9rinNI2X3fLrePzWiWivO1c8R-ii_b6gqDvmrTvKWEvZqVd0fwJprVJl3K8E63ThTkoQ-FMjVg/s400/20130723_144010.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cooper's Ferry site all closed up and protected for the night.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was a bit of a disappointment, but the kids were hot and
mostly anxious to hit the beach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
first beach we reached was packed. I decided to continue driving along the
Salmon River to what is basically a dead end. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I parked the car and we set off down a well-trod
path. Rather than a giant sandy beach like the one we had passed and the kids
had been expecting, we arrived at what could best be described as a rock
outcropping leading onto a rocky shore swarming with yellow jackets. My friend
gave me a dubious look, but we had already hiked down the trail and I was not
ready to give up. It turned out to be ideal. We were able to walk along a
narrow, underwater sandbar that stretched far out into river, away from the yellow
jackets. The bar separated a nice swimming area from the main current of the river.
I ordered the kids to stay on the safe side of the bar and they had a blast. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcIa5hKLADS_Qz8d3WRQTSTIX6ng0w1g9NmLXFl6LQrRxQ_nlea3M26xJb_BAuiqgqIRLqUnNRst1wLKSi6_4MXz5tqrsucKT_dQdy7hrqYcoawvL9JkImsVkrFIjEfTcD5viF3FwUVsU/s1600/20130706_171037.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcIa5hKLADS_Qz8d3WRQTSTIX6ng0w1g9NmLXFl6LQrRxQ_nlea3M26xJb_BAuiqgqIRLqUnNRst1wLKSi6_4MXz5tqrsucKT_dQdy7hrqYcoawvL9JkImsVkrFIjEfTcD5viF3FwUVsU/s400/20130706_171037.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Playing on the sandbar in Salmon River</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Coincidentally, a few days later, another friend called and
asked if she could take my kids to the beach. I said yes and urged her to stop
by the Cooper’s Ferry dig, which she did, and the kids were finally able to
enjoy the experience.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The work going on at Cooper’s Ferry is pretty exciting. They’re
coming up with some carbon dates and other evidence that could prove that the Clovis
People were not the first to inhabit this part of the country as is widely
believed.</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OSU's Cooper's Ferry blog:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<a href="http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/coopersferryarchaeology/" target="_blank">Archaeological Research at Cooper's Ferry</a><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">They have also set up a YouTube channel with video logs and other educational videos related to the Cooper’s Ferry site. Here is an example: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlRSbX5s69g" target="_blank">How is an Archaeological Site Formed</a></span></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-79598307833800284292013-06-27T14:36:00.001-07:002013-12-10T13:56:25.698-08:00Old Copper Complex<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Copper-38278.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="File:Copper-38278.jpg" height="268" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Copper-38278.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="licensetpl_attr"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">A 12.1-ounce nugget of natural native copper from the glacial drifts of Michigan</span></span><br />
<span class="licensetpl_attr"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Rob Lavinsky, </strong></span><a class="external text" href="http://www.irocks.com/" rel="nofollow"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;">iRocks.com</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> – CC-BY-SA-3.0</span></strong></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ancient Civilizations in the Middle East, Africa,
Europe, Asia, the Andes, and Mesoamerica are all known to have worked with
copper. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A number of Native North
Americans societies, referred to collectively as the Old Copper Complex, were also
skilled in the production of copper weapons, tools, and ornamentation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Copper items have been featured in the first
two books of the <strong>Timekeepers Series</strong> and will continue to be showcased in Book
Three. The move from copper to bronze occurred at different time periods around
the globe, so some of the cultures in our books, like the Ancient Native
Americans, are still working with copper at the same time that others, like the Shang
Dynasty in Ancient China, have discovered that adding an alloy to the copper makes a stronger metal and are operating bronze foundries. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Copper was being quarried in the Great Lakes region of North
America at least 6000 years ago. A little research into this subject reveals a
surprising controversy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some
investigators don’t accept the notion that the indigenous people were the
miners, but rather that it was explorers from afar, including the Phoenicians
or Minoans, who mined the copper. One piece of evidence supporting their theory
is, well, lack of evidence. They estimate that a minimum of a half a billion
tons of copper was taken from the area. Where did it go? It’s true that there
was an extensive trade network across North America and Great Lakes copper
artifacts were a part of that network. But could any of it have made it across the
Atlantic Ocean as some claim? Skeptics dispute the idea that there is any
reliable way to estimate the amount of copper mined, thus dismissing the need
to account for vast missing quantities. They insist that it was indeed Native
Americans who mined, worked, and traded the copper. Stay tuned for Book Three of the <strong>Timekeepers
Series</strong> to find out what really happened!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">To read more about the theory of Great Lakes copper being
taken from American shores, see Phillip Cohen’s article <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Copper: a world trade in 3000
BC?</span></i> at </span><a href="http://www.philipcoppens.com/copper.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://www.philipcoppens.com/copper.html</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">For a more detailed discussion on the Old Copper Complex and
their production methodologies, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>go to </span><a href="http://copperculture.homestead.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://copperculture.homestead.com/</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">
This site is the culmination of more than 40 years of research and artifact
collection by its creator and his father.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">Go here to find out how to make your own “Miskwabik”
(copper) tapered tang dart point: </span><a href="https://www.msu.edu/~oberg/copper/funfacts.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">https://www.msu.edu/~oberg/copper/funfacts.html</span></a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-88036135807591102392013-06-12T10:52:00.002-07:002013-06-12T10:52:17.136-07:00Interactive Websites
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Studying the ancient past has never been so exciting with
the abundance of interactive websites available. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">At The Princeton University Art Museum, you can learn about ancient
Chinese bronze casting through an interactive that “provides a schematic
recreation of some techniques that were used.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You begin by choosing a clay model and then
carve designs on it. The remaining steps are depicted through user controlled
animation. </span><a href="http://etcweb.princeton.edu/asianart/interactives/bronze/bronze.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://etcweb.princeton.edu/asianart/interactives/bronze/bronze.html</span></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://etcweb.princeton.edu/almagest3/Mediafile?proj=FREEMAN&t&id=1035400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="253" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zun Vessel<br />
Princeton University Art Museum: China Early Western Zhou dynasty, 11th–10th century B.C.
<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p></o:p> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the BBC’s Pyramid Challenge, you’re an Egyptian vizier
tasked with building a tomb for the King’s final resting place. After choosing
a suitable location, you pick your design and building materials and orient
your pyramid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You must then choose your
work force and select their food rations and living supplies before transporting
your materials to the construction site. </span><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/games/pyramid_challenge/index_embed.shtml"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/games/pyramid_challenge/index_embed.shtml</span></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="File:Bloc-carrière-boeufs.jpg" height="137" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bloc-carri%C3%A8re-boeufs.jpg/800px-Bloc-carri%C3%A8re-boeufs.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Transport d'un bloc de pierre à l'aide boeufs, carrière de el-masara: "A popular Account of the Ancient Egyptians" by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, 1854 {<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-1923" title="Template:PD-1923">PD-1923</a>}</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p></o:p> </div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">You can also visit Virtual Museum Canada where you will participate
in an interactive archaeological dig. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
can either educate yourself first by working your way through their Archeology
101 lesson or just jump right in. After digging for and retrieving artifacts,
you can log them in your field notes before transporting them to and cleaning
and sorting them at the lab.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/esprits-spirits/English/Dig/digdown.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/esprits-spirits/English/Dig/digdown.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This is just scratching the surface.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A web search will help you dig deeper to uncover
more details about life in ancient civilizations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-84978107943839066952013-02-24T11:17:00.000-08:002013-12-10T13:59:20.175-08:00What's In a Name<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/King_Tang_of_Shang.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="File:King Tang of Shang.jpg" height="640" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/King_Tang_of_Shang.jpg/266px-King_Tang_of_Shang.jpg" width="283" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">King Tang of Shang Dynasty as imagined by by Song Dynasty painter Ma Lin. Painting is located in the National Palace Museum, Taipei.</span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-Art" title="Template:PD-Art"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">{{PD-Art}}</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span><br /></div>
<h4 class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
</h4>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">When researching ancient Chinese rulers, names can be
confusing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Take for instance Tang, the
first ruler of the Shang dynasty, and a major player in Book Two of the
Timekeepers Series.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He only became known
as Tang after his death, although, we call him Tang in Book Two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our cast of characters can be confusing
enough without giving everyone multiple names.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tang’s ancestral name is Zi, his given name is Lu, his courtesy name is
Tai Yi, and his temple name is Tai Zu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When I was researching the topic, I came across the following quote from
an Indiana University paper, </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><em>Shang Kingship And Shang Kinship</em></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span class="citation"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">,</span></span>
“Although the names of the Shang kings may not
seem an intrinsically interesting topic. . .”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course it is an interesting
topic—but probably not to most people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">While China boasts
some of the richest and most detailed records of antiquity, scholars continue
to disagree over the exact chronology and accuracy of accounts of the ancient
Chinese dynasties and their rulers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The records may
not always match up, but they do so often enough, or close enough, to make a
historical fiction novelist feel she’s on the right track.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the historical resources of ancient
China is the Bamboo Annals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This vast
record begins with the Yellow Emperor (2600 B.C.) and ends with the Warring
States Period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The original text, which
was written on strips of bamboo, hence the name, was buried with King Xiang of
Wei who died in 296 B.C., only to be rediscovered nearly 600 years later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interestingly enough, this burial of the text
protected it from an alleged book burning during the Qin Dynasty where all non
Qin authored histories were destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even grimmer was the tandem event of the alleged burial of the scholars
in which a minimum of 460 scholars were buried alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The back story on this is incredibly alluring
and I’m sure it will be featured in a future Timekeepers book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Shiji or the Records of the
Grand Historian, Sima Quian, also date back to the time of the Yellow
Emperor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sima Quiam produced over 130
scrolls of Chinese history around the year <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">100 B.C. As a hereditary historian, he had
access to source material such as the Annals of the Five Emperors and other
Chinese classics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Another source for historical
Chinese records are the historical oracle bones, Chinese writing on animal
bones and turtle shells, dating as far back as the Shang dynasty (somewhere
around 1600 B.C., depending on whose chronology you use).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the Shang dynasty is just getting under
way in Book Two of the Timekeepers Series, you can expect to read about the
oracle bones as we chronicle the feats of the Shang rulers.</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Without a doubt, some of the
most useful resources for Ancient Chinese research are <i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">The Chinese Classics: with a Translation, Critical
and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes</span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, 5 vols., (Hong Kong: Legge; London: Trubner,
1861–1872).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>James Legge was an Oxford
Professor of Chinese who translated many Chinese classics, including the Bamboo
Annals. Best of all, thanks to Project Gutenberg, Legge’s Classics can be read
online at: http://archive.org/details/chineseclassics07legggoog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">While the practice of laying multiple names on ancient
Chinese rulers seems confusing, a twist on the practice usefully lends itself
to fictional characterization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather
than give one character multiple names, we have given one name multiple
characters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have fused the character
of one our villains with the nefarious ancient Chinese ruler, Ji, the last
ruler of the Xia dynasty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
transgressions helped usher in the Shang dynasty with its preeminent ruler,
Tang, and now sets the stage for Book Two of the Timekeepers series.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-74323813200363040572012-07-15T16:03:00.001-07:002013-12-10T14:02:11.181-08:00Giants in the Americas?<h2>
</h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">We work with facts when we can. The rest is fiction. That is how historical fiction works. For every fact there are a slew of myths and legends. But, to paraphrase Baldwin, “Every legend has a bit of truth.” It is these bits of truth that we search out. Oftentimes we are left only with the physical evidence of a historic event. More often, we are left only with the so called myths and legends, oral traditions, and ancient texts but not the accompanying evidence. Even rarer, we have the evidence, but the experts debate its authenticity, or it is buried in some archive of some museum and no one really knows how to find it. And, occasionally, we have what is held as irrefutable truth, but really how can we know for sure? It is a blend of all of these elements that help to create the world as we present it to you 5 and 6 millennia ago in our Timekeepers Series.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Our heroes are fictional characters, albeit offspring of the legendary Gilgamesh. These sizable siblings are describes as being of great stature. In fact, it is unusual for them to come across other civilizations where the people match them in height or might. Their size does not push the limit of believability, but makes them memorable. But throughout history and across the globe there have been reports of humans of such great height, they were referred to as giants. Most people are familiar with the Biblical giants. But there are other reports of giants as well. Much more “modern” reports. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Take Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who was nearly the first to circumnavigate the globe, (although he didn’t quite make it, 18 of his crew did). Did he encounter “giants” in the New World? According to chronicler of the journey, Anthony Pigafetta, he did. While they wintered at the Bay of St. Julian, along the Patagonian coast, Pigafetta recorded “One day we suddenly saw a naked man of giant stature on the shore of the port, dancing, sing-ing, and throwing dust on his head. The captain-general sent one of our men to the giant so that he might perform the same actions as a sign of peace. Having done that, the man led the giant to an islet into the presence of the captain-general. When the giant was in the captain-general's and our presence, he marveled greatly, and made signs with one finger raised upward, believing that we had come from the sky. He was so tall that we reached only to his waist, and he was well proportioned.” </span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s320/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" width="221" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">English sailor offering bread to a Patagonian woman giant. Frontispiece to <em>Viaggio intorno al mondo fatto dalla nave Inglese il Delfino comandata dal caposqadra Byron</em> (Florence, 1768), the first Italian edition of John Byron’s <em>A Voyage Round the World in His Majesty’s Ship the Dolphin </em>. . . (London, 1767) [Rare Books Division].</span> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"></span></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNgiBHMPisfO7W6NJRZdWN9Xr6pJ0xhp86Y4Phsc5e7It7XHbV0Br6oR6Jk4Yp7AzJefKn4az9X69uoV7532FenkPzZzTNC6WK1io5sIXKjReZAoWULUfzQu7NXFWLjT55UKcL38q22Oo/s1600/patagonian-giants-1768-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Unless Magellan was traveling with a ship full of midgets, it sounds like they really saw a giant, and not just one, but an entire tribe of them. I found it interesting that he said the women were not as tall as the men, but “very much fatter”.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Apparently, Magellan’s crew captured two of these “giants”: “The captain-gen-eral kept two of them -the youngest and best pro- portioned -by means of a very cunning trick, in order to take them to Spagnia." Unfortunately, both of the men died before returning to Spain and were buried at sea. You can read the full account yourself at </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">So, here we have an eyewitness report, albeit one lacking in physical evidence. A skeleton would be nice. In fact, if such behemoths did exist, shouldn’t there be skeletal evidence somewhere? Where are the skeletons? Indeed, where are the skeletons?</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">
More than one Native American tribe maintains oral histories of giants that terrorized their ancestors. In the west, Shoshone and Paiute legends speak of cannibalistic giants who kidnapped and fed on their people. According to legend, the Paiute finally grew weary of the wicked and interestingly, red-headed giants, and banded together to exterminate them. When they had reduced their numbers to but a few, they trapped them in a cave (now known as Lovelock Cave) they had taken refuge in. When the giants refused to come out and die an honorable death, the Indians filled the mouth of the cave with brush and set it on fire. Some giants rushed out only to be slain by arrows while others died of asphyxiation within the cave. As it goes with such caves, an earthquake collapsed the entrance, and for millennium, it remained a crypt and a guano factory. Bats were still able to fly in and out and fill the cave with guano, which decays as saltpeter, a key ingredient of gun powder and a valuable commodity to the American West. When miners discovered the several feet thick mine of white gold, they also discovered skeletons and other artifacts, but didn’t immediately share their discovery with archaeologists. By the time preservationists arrived on the scene, much had been destroyed, but they still allegedly retrieved over 10,000 artifacts and more remarkably, at minimum, 2 redheaded skeletons, a female and a male, measuring 6.5 and 8 feet respectively. Nobody seems to know where the skeletons are now, but I’m willing to bet the shorter female was much fatter than the male. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9iSTf4DsbBVFTOcCI1VBj5_eQN307ilO_wDowOeB-d02_ow7j9B7bamPtnRfG76rQWMblNRNlI2Jo2KQF1sQFWga9N_PDYJjOiPE7Mkr_sTtnJhOEuYrIE3QRdQa769XUNhbshAcgdPU/s1600/duck_decoys.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9iSTf4DsbBVFTOcCI1VBj5_eQN307ilO_wDowOeB-d02_ow7j9B7bamPtnRfG76rQWMblNRNlI2Jo2KQF1sQFWga9N_PDYJjOiPE7Mkr_sTtnJhOEuYrIE3QRdQa769XUNhbshAcgdPU/s320/duck_decoys.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Cache of 11 duck decoys at removal
from Lovelock Cave, <br />by Llewellyn L. Loud, photo by M.R. Harrington, 1924,
<br />photo courtesy of the Museum of the American Indian, <br />Smithsonian
Institution.</span></strong> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "inherit","serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sources:</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "inherit","serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">“Patagonian
Giants.” <em><span style="font-family: "inherit","serif";">Princeton University
Library</span></em>. Princeton. Web. 14 July 2012. </span><a href="http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/magellan-strait/patgonian-giants.html"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-small;">http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/magellan-strait/patgonian-giants.html</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "inherit","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "inherit","serif";">“The Philippine
Islands, 1493-1803: explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands
and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as
related to contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political,
economic, commercial, and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest
relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Viewed 14 July, 2012 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/philippineislan96bourgoog/philippineislan96bourgoog_djvu.txt"><span style="font-family: "inherit","serif";"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.archive.org/stream/philippineislan96bourgoog/philippineislan96bourgoog_djvu.txt</span></span></a></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br />
<div align="left">
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">
</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-1234001823611893202012-07-05T21:26:00.001-07:002013-12-10T14:04:22.527-08:00Chief Joseph's Medicine Bag<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs-cT1fvAUaRd4vxWsmY1MNMU36bn-5LnfR7unELdH5TURuVMHWYclBWy7OdYDpNUB4CiXsy1r-Am3blxRwIrAt_RhcYKEGRgenxwF6x5Xzm-4xizcF9e9SHZ5trO5zsQJOd_m3qN9lsQ/s1600/Chief+Joseph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs-cT1fvAUaRd4vxWsmY1MNMU36bn-5LnfR7unELdH5TURuVMHWYclBWy7OdYDpNUB4CiXsy1r-Am3blxRwIrAt_RhcYKEGRgenxwF6x5Xzm-4xizcF9e9SHZ5trO5zsQJOd_m3qN9lsQ/s640/Chief+Joseph.jpg" width="490" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Chief Joseph</span></h2>
<h2>
</h2>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A recent story I read about the contents of Chief Joseph’s
medicine bag got me reflecting on medicine bags in general.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had some personal experience with the
medicine bag, having sported one myself for most of the nineties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I met a mountain man my first summer out of
high school.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sporting buckskins and a
flowing beard, he told me of the powwow circuit he traveled and showed me the
medicine bags that he made and sold, more or less covering his travel
expenses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He sold me what I consider a
starter kit, a basic fringed leather pouch on a string containing five
essential types of medicine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stressed
that I not show anyone the contents of my pouch or its medicine would be lost,
and I stuck to this rule, until I had kids who insisted I let them explore its
contents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I didn’t wear my bag around my
neck, but hung it proudly from my rear view mirror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I feel it kept me safe in my youthful
exploits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A Native American medicine bag was and is very personal in
nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its supernatural power, or
medicine, is meant to protect the owner of the bag.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its contents are considered sacred and
include such things as herbs, stones, gems, minerals, bones, feathers, claws,
teeth, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each of these items has
special meaning and power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today’s medicine
bags can also contain modern items that are meaningful to the owner such as
photos, coins, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the life of me,
I can’t seem to recall the contents of my bag other than the button made from
antler “that I might always have clothing”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It must have been powerful medicine because I always went about fully
clothed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So what did the US Cavalry find in Chief Joseph’s medicine
bag when they captured him in 1877?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Surprisingly, a<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">n Assyrian cuneiform tablet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
piece of baked clay, measuring no more than one square inch, was determined to
be a bill of sale dating to 2042 BC.<b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>It
reads<b> </b></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">"Nalu received 1 lamb from Abbashaga on
the 11th day of the month of the festival of An, in the year Enmahgalanna was
installed as high priestess of Nanna". </span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA6obFSaGetI1eBsN7N_SQ8N722ny7rfNJ_SvGK-s8HBHBUlJ-lNn67bmMFQtAag01JGa5K3wCAiZ-MtWMdmcgpQteiEt_gwgABJ1pBh3CzRrNbNHWk8E8VybkBvU4YDV9LhF8wM6dvqE/s1600/Chief+Joseph's+Cuneiform+Tablet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA6obFSaGetI1eBsN7N_SQ8N722ny7rfNJ_SvGK-s8HBHBUlJ-lNn67bmMFQtAag01JGa5K3wCAiZ-MtWMdmcgpQteiEt_gwgABJ1pBh3CzRrNbNHWk8E8VybkBvU4YDV9LhF8wM6dvqE/s400/Chief+Joseph's+Cuneiform+Tablet.jpg" width="350" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Mary Gindling of <i>History
Mysteries</i> writes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"The chief
said that the tablet had been passed down in his family for many generations,
and that they had inherited it from their white ancestors. Chief Joseph said
that white men had come among his ancestors long ago, and had taught his people
many things. His story echoes those told by Native Americans in both North and
South America about white culture bringers. But in this case, Joseph had a
souvenir to demonstrate the truth of his story."</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0d0d0d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;">I don’t know what else
was in the bag, at least history seems to have kept that secret and
sacred.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The tablet is rumored to be archived at the museum at West Point in Virginia. </span>As for the bag itself, Benjamin
Daniali of AssyriaTimes.com, believes the insignia on Chief Josephs’s bag to be
the Star of Ashur, the same insignia used by ancient Mesopotamians and still
found on the Assyrian flag. </span></span><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGntx85WJu9caQu0AiQuWxKN_VL0EqGj9RDTDld1lS2XUkKjO3vz4wU6ksUUKoHbp85Qng82wiDu_PW2gRkF7k3fBrBcdaGxAKe9WutgGqEgIB-xTWarSbuf7S_tZNK6QyL3rOfwbcbBU/s1600/chief+josephs+medicine+bag.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGntx85WJu9caQu0AiQuWxKN_VL0EqGj9RDTDld1lS2XUkKjO3vz4wU6ksUUKoHbp85Qng82wiDu_PW2gRkF7k3fBrBcdaGxAKe9WutgGqEgIB-xTWarSbuf7S_tZNK6QyL3rOfwbcbBU/s640/chief+josephs+medicine+bag.jpg" width="560" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Chief Joseph's Medicine Bag</span></h2>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjlkuu6jmpvPTAgguTzBltrBxIBTKG29tiYnjvmY3cAmmW-sdvKz94Hvz13JdFwax0eCy2XIRHEB8grTTycBzL-rt-9vGrKt2R1CRf8r3Zh7UiCHtmhT-y8ufa54SEXyTarU2K4ZoWUKk/s1600/assyrian+flag.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjlkuu6jmpvPTAgguTzBltrBxIBTKG29tiYnjvmY3cAmmW-sdvKz94Hvz13JdFwax0eCy2XIRHEB8grTTycBzL-rt-9vGrKt2R1CRf8r3Zh7UiCHtmhT-y8ufa54SEXyTarU2K4ZoWUKk/s320/assyrian+flag.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Assyrian Flag</span></h2>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My research of medicine bags eventually led me to Wikipedia
where I learned that medicine bags should not be confused with bandolier bags, most
frequently associated with the <span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Anishinaabe people, which includes the Ojibwe.<i> </i></span><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">While a medicine bag is meant to be worn across
the shoulder (this I did not know—I wore mine around my neck before it replaced
my graduation tassel on my rear view mirror), the bandolier is worn across the
shoulder, to the side, or in front like an apron.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is actually quite a stylish looking
accessory and I think I would prefer the bandolier as a replacement pouch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, genetics might dictate that I choose
the bandolier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You see, I may be of
Ojibwe descent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lineage here is
almost as sketchy as the contents of my medicine bag.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M</span>y great-grandfather on my father’s
side who was adopted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I was searching
for his birth roots, I came across the usual stumbling blocks, the church that
could have held clues in its archives but had burned down and the family friend
who when asked what he knew of my great grandfather’s birth family mailed me a
genealogical gold mine of Ojibwe royalty and then died before I had a chance to
interrogate him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I still don’t know how
my family line ties into this Ojibwe line, but maybe I can keep a copy of it in
my bandolier bag.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDzeE4ERe0N46mZrb_uQ0XOmoUkAKL31zV8hlSYB7lwl5KNz0ZsQK3xjh8qGl6IRJUn3UETGgKYdqtr_uqc6hyv7esbOAwx9LNkFjFyK6Dm7SlwxiDEHGt3MACgoJOkU4uz9aH6fI_mEo/s1600/bandolier+bag.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDzeE4ERe0N46mZrb_uQ0XOmoUkAKL31zV8hlSYB7lwl5KNz0ZsQK3xjh8qGl6IRJUn3UETGgKYdqtr_uqc6hyv7esbOAwx9LNkFjFyK6Dm7SlwxiDEHGt3MACgoJOkU4uz9aH6fI_mEo/s640/bandolier+bag.jpg" width="428" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bandolier Bag</span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">photo courtesy of Children's Museum of Indianapolis</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="itemtitle"><span style="color: #242424; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To read more about Chief Joseph's cuneiform tablet, visit: Chief Joseph Carried the Star of Ashur, Benjamin Daniali, 4/25/12</span></span><span class="itemtitle"><b><span style="color: #242424; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></span></span></span><a href="http://www.assyriatimes.com/engine/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3461"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.assyriatimes.com/engine/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3461</span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-15475449610937009972012-07-04T17:04:00.000-07:002013-12-10T13:53:52.741-08:00Lake Titicaca<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH_wnJGiUdu-q2CQ3UtN5oCYkztrMjcWqJo2uVWBRfmdq_lePpe5y7Ol38WQC-JUiclz4Sah86fstztpxoP1O8VWdnN3yJLSrRSEZAorj5f7Ouh9ve-fz5IQZokQFS9M-2wFnf_1mGRvg/s1600/Lake+Titicaca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH_wnJGiUdu-q2CQ3UtN5oCYkztrMjcWqJo2uVWBRfmdq_lePpe5y7Ol38WQC-JUiclz4Sah86fstztpxoP1O8VWdnN3yJLSrRSEZAorj5f7Ouh9ve-fz5IQZokQFS9M-2wFnf_1mGRvg/s640/Lake+Titicaca.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lake Titicaca</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;">Back in the blogging saddle again!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the recent release of the Kindle Edition
of Pieces of the Puzzle and the second book of the Timekeeper Series due to be
released this summer, we are busy promoting ourselves!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our Facebook page has been updated, our
Website has been overhauled, and now the blog has been reincarnated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">One of the places you can expect to read about in Book Two
is Lake Titicaca, an Andean Lake that borders Peru and Bolivia, and the cradle
of ancient Peruvian civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Island
is spotted with over 40 artificial islands made by the native Uro people out of
totora reeds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The islands were
originally made for defensive purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
are anchored to the bottom of the lake, but can be moved if necessary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since they are in a constant state of decay,
a new layer of reeds has to be added every few months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not known when the islands were
originally created, so we felt comfortable using them in our story.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib2t135-F71FsSy019glbfFDu9wAdNwF5H3hK73SB_cfrVNsR113GQ83-hvpq9Vcjgpacv0y1y3fnhyjbsLnYiyYUbnuJSWt8CCMpvVR6rQbJNksBuv2tjFqB-H24SeoHUdS_qQcltJLw/s1600/freeimage-3608030.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib2t135-F71FsSy019glbfFDu9wAdNwF5H3hK73SB_cfrVNsR113GQ83-hvpq9Vcjgpacv0y1y3fnhyjbsLnYiyYUbnuJSWt8CCMpvVR6rQbJNksBuv2tjFqB-H24SeoHUdS_qQcltJLw/s640/freeimage-3608030.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Totora Reed Houses</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Andes were home to the Incas. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lacking a written language, the Incas passed
on their creation stories orally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
story or “myth” that we took license with in the book tells how the god
Viracocha created the eight Ayer brothers and sisters who emerged from a cave near
Lake Titicaca and went on a long journey to find a place to settle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the brothers, Ayer Atchi, had powers that
threatened his brothers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They deceived
him into returning to the cave from which they were born and trapped him
inside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The siblings, with the exception
of one other brother who was turned to stone, resumed their travels and ended
up in the Cusco Valley where they built their home.</span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioGBJuoXEdvwZ0kvcQ-wE0Fonxwl630RvNnBy4H4UpbbtvPzBqqASgTl843F3Ho0vmjNijgPKaoxiVVZCoIe13TeQrlAIQ1f6wtYo13klB2Q67GRP3cpF3q3MnX7n5zXVQmM9gyFN8jU0/s1600/Viracocha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioGBJuoXEdvwZ0kvcQ-wE0Fonxwl630RvNnBy4H4UpbbtvPzBqqASgTl843F3Ho0vmjNijgPKaoxiVVZCoIe13TeQrlAIQ1f6wtYo13klB2Q67GRP3cpF3q3MnX7n5zXVQmM9gyFN8jU0/s400/Viracocha.jpg" width="289" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Viracocha</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;">Near the south-eastern shore of Lake Titicaca, lie the ruins
of Tiwanaku, an ancient temple complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A conservative estimate says the place was probably inhabited as early
as 1500 BC, while more liberal archaeologists say it
could be one of the oldest ruins in the world. Tiwanaku used to sit at the edge of
the lake, the subset ruins of Puma Punku are even suspected to be a harbor, but
the lake has receded to such a level that nearly twelve miles separate the two
now.</span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73XvRNPycTRUxaxov1bTNDwnGnDVFOhKwnxa0_YKamH2KfJlpPy-PXHCkmuQBaxEgk6yIrTbyZgQ33l0AUVPZqZomp_se_tXAgjGAy4t3MAp5HQMDCw6fasQs1QXANSGpK1j1Msnl1z0/s1600/Tiwanaku_Bolivia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73XvRNPycTRUxaxov1bTNDwnGnDVFOhKwnxa0_YKamH2KfJlpPy-PXHCkmuQBaxEgk6yIrTbyZgQ33l0AUVPZqZomp_se_tXAgjGAy4t3MAp5HQMDCw6fasQs1QXANSGpK1j1Msnl1z0/s640/Tiwanaku_Bolivia.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tiwanaku</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The megalithic stones used to create Tiwanaku stand
as a stark contrast to the reeds the natives built boats and islands out
of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One block is estimated to weigh 440
tons and was quarried a full ten miles away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is still a mystery as to how the ancient people transported the stones or even built the complex.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihVAxIbm_FEccQll9l4-d7P8p_e7_qcPQrZuaN_uQmitbj49KM2OzfIOKqKaQeUkP8SrRX-_3kVLV3GKwEpskQY8Rt1mHvzZTW_fqyvTCAPahyphenhyphenoIrMAj3evL-qjKEMKqc9d5XDbemfy5k/s1600/Gate+of+the+Sun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihVAxIbm_FEccQll9l4-d7P8p_e7_qcPQrZuaN_uQmitbj49KM2OzfIOKqKaQeUkP8SrRX-_3kVLV3GKwEpskQY8Rt1mHvzZTW_fqyvTCAPahyphenhyphenoIrMAj3evL-qjKEMKqc9d5XDbemfy5k/s640/Gate+of+the+Sun.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gate of the Sun</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="left">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">To learn more about Tiwanaku, visit the Unesco World Heritage site: </span><a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/567/"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/567/</span></a></div>
<div align="left">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="left">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">or Archaeology Magazine's Interactive Dig: </span><a href="http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/tiwanaku/"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/tiwanaku/</span></a></div>
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-66079097805906996392009-11-15T21:56:00.000-08:002009-11-15T22:58:04.034-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97YJBcZy4t-piCcpbeQAP8aNvhX1B4U-3QlPvQRlbuYY28KfyiWZ27BYCBcoRz0MW2m7EqK9RN7EROmS33tO53Pb29bJ2uNvu-Q5mBldjF1N3EkTqthOz9IUC0-IKCJpQMogM-o7JnPc/s1600/another+blog+cover.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 131px; HEIGHT: 209px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404592102329036546" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97YJBcZy4t-piCcpbeQAP8aNvhX1B4U-3QlPvQRlbuYY28KfyiWZ27BYCBcoRz0MW2m7EqK9RN7EROmS33tO53Pb29bJ2uNvu-Q5mBldjF1N3EkTqthOz9IUC0-IKCJpQMogM-o7JnPc/s320/another+blog+cover.jpg" /></a><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfDSIpsrQbrshdKCSBFf4320l_t9At76KsQUu3kRNNR-1Ag-sBshqnzuyOiqmNrYpCFSgK76FOlJGBF_LdkfMd5cAJmJtOO-nRP8bgZIcptkNYNGctxT6O_oBJZn78rraYir8gIymm_FU/s1600/naditu+blog.jpg"></a><br /><br /><div>Some time has passed since I last blogged, but fall has set in and winter is on its way. This is my favorite time of year to research and write. Speaking of research, my favorite go to place is google books. I first learned of google books as a way to promote my book for free. Since then, it has become so much more to me. You can do a book search just like you do a web search. For instance, tonight I typed in the word <em>naditu</em> and it showed me all the books that contain this word. But that is not all, oh no, that is not all. If the book is out of copyright or if the publisher has given their permission, you are allowed to preview the book or in some cases view the entire book. I found that even in instances of preview only, I am often able to find sufficient material simply by perusing multiple texts. If the book is in the public domain, I can download a PDF of it. If I really like the book, I can click a link to "buy" or even "borrow" the book.</div><br /><div></div><br /><br /><div>So I'm sure you're just dying to know what a <em>naditu </em>is. According to "Women in Antiquity", by Averil Cameron and Amelie Kuhrt, "The <em>naditus</em> (the ones I'm interested in anyway) were a very special group or institution of women, dedicated to the sun god Samas who lived in the city of Sippar in Northern Babylonia." They lived in individual houses within a cloister that was part of a temple complex. They did not marry, for they were betrothed to Samas, but they were property owners and conducted their own business, many of them coming from royal or high ranking families. </div><br /><div></div><br /><div>Why my interest in this <em>gagum </em>cloister? What a great place to lay low and hide out for a while among an amazing group of women separated from patriarchal society. The tenant list read like a "Who's Who" of the ancient world. There was the sulking Erishti-Aya, daughter of King Zimri-Lim of Mari. Her servants kept dying on her so she had to keep writing daddy begging for more. And there was Iltani, sister of King Hammurabi, one of the most famous kings of all times.</div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-85167995876346621522009-08-24T08:49:00.000-07:002012-06-26T18:25:47.283-07:00We have been a little lax with the blog-- enjoying our busy summers. Pieces of the Puzzle continues to gain exposure. It was selected as a Finalist in the 2009 Next Generation Indie Book Awards in the Action/Adventure category! Here is an excerpt from the announcement letter:<br />
<br />
"Hello and Congratulations!<br />
<br />
I am writing with good news. Your book has been named a finalist in the Action/Adventure category of the 2009 Next Generation Indie Book Awards! . . . we will be sending out press releases in the next couple of weeks announcing the Grand Prize Winners and advising media and others where they can see a complete list of Finalists and Winners.<br />
<br />
Additionally your book will be listed as a Finalist in the 2009 Next Generation Indie Book Awards catalog which will be distributed at Book Expo America in New York.."<br />
<br />
We are busy working on Book Two of the Timekeepers series. In fact, you'll get to read about one of our research adventures in the next blog!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-15806768131016924682009-04-20T20:36:00.000-07:002009-04-20T20:37:50.802-07:00We are feeling a lot more confident with a few more Canadian radio shows under our belts. Last week we were guests on Live 88.5 in Ottawa. We had three interviewers including the infamous Katfish Morgan. They gave us 18 minutes, our longest airtime to that point. They were very professional and fun. It left us feeling incredibly pumped up. Tonight was our longest gig yet. A whopping half hour on 94.5 Bull FM with Joey Martin. It was such a kick, we were surprised when our time was up and felt like we could have kept right on talking. He was very generous with letting us plug both our book and our website. We look forward to more radio interviews and we have a couple of TV deals in the works. We’ll let you know how that works out. For now, we are just looking forward to hearing the results of all the contests we’ve entered. The first finalists will be announced next week!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-3609554701233036292009-03-26T18:35:00.001-07:002009-03-27T11:32:50.103-07:00Live Radio<p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/ScwtVS6H95I/AAAAAAAAACE/ZRXEXO1yfak/s1600-h/lewis%20and%20clark%5B3%5D.jpg"><img title="lewis and clark" style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px" height="178" alt="lewis and clark" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/ScwtVt_78YI/AAAAAAAAACI/iB8VvEmrbc4/lewis%20and%20clark_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="145" border="0" /></a> We had our first adventure into AM talk radio today! We were on the Jim Harrison show on Radio NL out of Kamloops B.C. That’s right! A foreign market. What a great experience! This is the interview guest and feature alert that our publicist, Garis PR and Media Group, sent out:</p><blockquote><p>Interview Guest & Feature Alert:</p><p>Do People Secretly Think You're Boring?</p><p>Our experts will give you some quick tell-tale signs that your life may need some re-adjustment...</p><p>-- Has someone recently asked you how you like to have fun -- and you had no answer?</p><p>-- Is it hard for you to remember the last time you really laughed? (Not just pretended to laugh).</p><p>-- Do you look in your closet and discover you don't even own any "play clothes"?</p><p>-- Does your answer to the question "What's new?" always involve your job?</p><p>-- In every recent photo are you wearing a suit or high heels?</p><p>The answers to these questions and more will reveal your true "Boredom Image". </p><p>IN INTERVIEW: Authors and adventure experts, Jennifer Fowler and Carrie Wahl will explain how to tell if your are a being seen as a major bore by others. If your boredom level is too high -- they will give you some fast ways to go from humdrum to exciting. You will be a much healthier person and way more popular by lowering your boredom factor with these great tips.</p><p>Fowler and Wahl are world class adventurers, and the authors of the hot new adventure book "Pieces Of The Puzzle". They are fun and dynamic guests. Your audience will love this very entertaining interview.</p><p>AVAILABILITY: Idaho and worldwide by telephone, satellite or special arrangement.</p></blockquote><p>It is easier to get media access with a pop culture related topic, so we went with an adventure format since it is embodies who we are and can be tied to Pieces of the Puzzle, which is an action adventure novel.</p><p>We were supposed to have ten minutes, but that was reduced to seven since they were running out of time. Because of this, the host had to jump around a little bit in the material and we were unable to use some of our very clever stories and quips. At least one question caught us off guard. Of course after we got off the phone, a really insightful reply came to us! On the bright side, our names and the name of our book were announced on air in a city of 80,000 plus population. </p><p>We are looking forward to more media interviews and associated book sales!</p>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-8552583732856825792009-03-24T20:40:00.001-07:002009-03-24T20:48:24.985-07:00Native American Rock Art<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqF36SV-XJD1XCoXekLl5k6E33Fh8EmkCyJ81jzrkZVSZ0hAvyFD2td7oBuk8Rgz-hCN3r1e6ILBydyBV3vBavBq3FB0XYdHf8G9OnJ6QmK-NfB9-GTDc_DLDSYjGSjdBe3Qi6_AWCj64/s1600-h/DSC00454.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316965815370117426" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 240px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqF36SV-XJD1XCoXekLl5k6E33Fh8EmkCyJ81jzrkZVSZ0hAvyFD2td7oBuk8Rgz-hCN3r1e6ILBydyBV3vBavBq3FB0XYdHf8G9OnJ6QmK-NfB9-GTDc_DLDSYjGSjdBe3Qi6_AWCj64/s320/DSC00454.JPG" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div><br /><div>Being from Idaho, I naturally want to bring at least one of the Timekeepers close to home. While no major civilization arose in my state 4,000 years ago, a fascinating group of people did call this land their home at that time. Early <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">Nez</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Perce</span> people were hunting and fishing the waterways of North Central Idaho at the same time Hammurabi was passing down his code of laws. I am fortunate to live less than two hours from a phenomenal legacy of a forgotten language. Hundreds of <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">petroglyphs</span> are carved onto basaltic bedrock outcroppings on both sides of the Snake River at Buffalo Eddy. They are easily accessible and unspeakably mesmerizing. This summer I plan to spend several meditative hours on the bank of the river letting their story play itself out in my head before I put it to paper. --Carrie</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-51831489777443319362009-02-22T16:37:00.001-08:002013-12-10T14:05:33.633-08:00Hammurabi<a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/SaHvxlVIubI/AAAAAAAAABw/IcPM55mtwJI/s1600-h/Hammurabi%5B2%5D.jpg"><img alt="Hammurabi" border="0" height="244" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/SaHvyBTBMRI/AAAAAAAAAB0/J3Q7Wk6aJZk/Hammurabi_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border: 0px currentColor; display: inline;" title="Hammurabi" width="180" /></a> Hammurabi will be one of the key historical figures in book two of the Timekeepers series. Because of this, I have been eagerly studying both Hammurabi and Babylonian civilization during the time of his reign.<br />
Hammurabi, who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BC, is the most famous king of the first dynasty of Babylon. Prior to his accession to the throne, Babylon was one of the many city-states that blanketed Mesopotamia, having taken in a few neighboring city-states as well, reaching a modest size of 60 by 160 kilometers. By the end of Hammurabi’s reign, Babylonian territory had grown to encompass all the land stretching southward between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers from what is modern Baghdad to the Persian Gulf.<br />
Hammurabi is most famous for his law code consisting of more than 300 laws which are carved on a stone stela and now on display in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Besides being an early promoter of justice, Hammurabi was also a great ruler, diplomat, and warrior. He is also known for the broad array of public works projects he oversaw throughout Babylonia.<br />
Many details of Hammurabi’s reign have been revealed through cuneiform tablets found at the site of an ancient palace at Mari, a palace internationally renowned for its splendor. Its archives are a bountiful source of information for the history of the entire region at that time.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-39375934005964556532009-01-18T18:31:00.001-08:002009-01-18T18:31:22.754-08:00Independent Book Publisher Contests<p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/SXPl-ZL4cbI/AAAAAAAAABo/L-WvPEl0RpE/s1600-h/clip_image002%5B4%5D.gif"><img title="clip_image002" style="border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px" height="132" alt="clip_image002" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/SXPl-mrq5sI/AAAAAAAAABs/NLjS5IKuAc4/clip_image002_thumb%5B1%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="110" border="0" /></a>One of our promotional goals is to either win, or at least be named as a finalist in a literary contest.  We have chosen five prestigious self-published book award contests to enter:</p> <p>We just received verification that Hopewell Publications, sponsor of the Eric Hoffer Award, received our book and application for their contest by the January 21st deadline.  This contest was established  at the beginning of this century “as a means of opening a door to writing of significant merit.”  It has a grand prize of $1500 and offers other honors and distinctions.  It was the least expensive contest to enter at $45.  Winners for the Eric Hoffer Award will be announced after April 30th.  <a href="http://www.hofferaward.com">http://www.hofferaward.com</a></p> <p>The entry that we are am working on this weekend is “The Next Generation Indie Book Awards”.  It has a $75  early bird (January 31) entry fee, but you get to enter one title in two different categories.  Of course that means we  have to send them two copies of the book, so that increases expenses.  Their final deadline is March 15.  They offer three cash prizes ($1000 for first) and trophies for best fiction and non fiction books, plus medals for the winners of their 70 different categories.  Their will be 10 finalists in each category.  Although this distinction only garners a certificate, you do get the honor of putting a gold sticker on your book that says you were a finalist in their contest.  You also receive “maximum exposure and possible representation with a leading New Your literary representative.” Finalists will be notified by May 15th and winners by May 30th.  <a href="http://www.indiebookawards.com">http://www.indiebookawards.com</a></p> <p>We’ll have a bit of a financial break until the March 21 deadline for the Independent Book Publisher Book Awards (IPPY).  We already missed the Nov. 15 early bird deadline, so it cost $85 rather than $75 to enter.  This contest is twelve years old and based on the more than 3000 entries they receive each year, it is the biggest independent book award contest in the world.  They have 65 different categories to choose from.  They also offer special awards in three categories including “Most Original Concept, Storyteller of the Year, and Most Inspirational to Youth” any one of which we’d be thrilled to win!  They only offer gold, silver, and bronze medals, but the stickers you get to put on your books are awesome!  <a href="http://www.independentpublisher.com">http://www.independentpublisher.com</a></p> <p>The deadline for National Indie Excellence Awards is March 31.  There is a $59 entry fee for one category, or $118 for two.  We’ll probably take our chances with one!  The awards consist of publicity packages, and again, those wonderful stickers to put on the cover of your book that improve sales.  <a href="http://www.indieexcellence.com">http://www.indieexcellence.com</a></p> <p>One of the biggest contests is sponsored by Writer’s Digest.  The grand Prize is $3000 plus amazing promotional bonuses in addition to 10 1st place awards of $1000 each.  It is also the most expensive to enter at $100, and probably the most competitive as they are accepting entries published within the last five years. <a title="http://www.writersdigest.com/selfpublished" href="http://www.writersdigest.com/selfpublished">http://www.writersdigest.com/selfpublished</a></p> <p>We are excited to see the results for all of these contests.  We hope to win at least one grand prize and recoup some of the investment we have pumped into this venture!</p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-58761154206069672732009-01-17T17:29:00.001-08:002013-12-10T14:06:50.478-08:00Rise of Civilization<a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/SXKGBHfO4MI/AAAAAAAAABg/A0FnO_3fmhY/s1600-h/ancientbabylon22.jpg"><img alt="ancient-babylon-2" border="0" height="138" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_byO165MfgF8/SXKGBel22BI/AAAAAAAAABk/XlDFxvL4SqA/ancientbabylon2_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: inline;" title="ancient-babylon-2" width="244" /></a> What is civilization? The answer is not easily defined, and is broadly debated. There are competing theories over every other aspect of the ancient world, why would simple definitions be spared? According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, a civilization is “a relatively high level of cultural and technological development ; <em>specifically</em> <strong>:</strong> the stage of cultural development at which writing and the keeping of written records is attained.” Other expert sources tend to elaborate on the specific features of a civilization such as hierarchical societies, division of labor, elaborate religious centers, smelting of metals, agricultural sophistication, development of writing, etc. Is a system of writing a necessary factor if many of the other factors of civilization are in place? I think that ultimately the labeling of an ancient culture or society as a civilization is subjective .<br />
Historically, major world cultures have vied for the distinction of having the oldest civilization. China boasts a civilization stretching back 6000 years, while Mesopotamia in modern day Iraq is commonly referred to as the “cradle of civilization.” If a system of writing or recordkeeping is a necessary criteria, we have to jump forward in Chinese history to the time of the Shang dynasty (17th century BCE) to find evidence of civilization. <br />
We can’t say for certain in what order some of them arose, but we do know that several ancient cultures were on the scene contemporarily as depicted in Pieces of the Puzzle including the Yellow River Valley in China, Caral in Peru, the Indus Valley, the Nile valley in Egypt, the island of Crete, and Sumer in Mesopotamia. In honor of them and in gratitude of the story they inspired, I heartily label them all “civilizations.”Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-83814367246187102332009-01-05T18:22:00.000-08:002009-01-05T18:50:05.749-08:00Judging Internet SourcesAs one of our research duties, we are still sifting through the mountains of information on the internet. It seems Wikipedia is the best first place to go with a new lead, not because everything there is reliable, but the sources listed at the bottom of the page often are. One of the first things you must do when judging a source is determine whether it is a primary or secondary source. Was it written by someone who observed the event personally, was it an autobiography? Or was it recorded by someone centuries later? With ancient history, especially on the scale we’re working with, secondary is often all we have. With secondary information, we have to judge the author. Are they reliable, experts in their field, without bias? In many cases, we have equally reliable sources that contradict each other. Of course this can be beneficial in that it can offer a more panoramic view of the event. We are also looking for timely information. We attempt to seek out the latest archaeological evidence. Caral in Peru is an example. It was originally discovered about 50 years ago, but was largely left alone until 14 years ago. Since then it has been excavated to the point that is expected to be the second most popular tourist attraction in Peru, right after Machu Picchu. It was also a featured civilization in Pieces of the Puzzle!<br /><br />We often go about researching with an idea in mind, we look for places that can further our story line, as Caral did. In the second book, we will be shifting away from our American pre-Incan civilizations and jumping into early Mayan. Mayan history is divided up into several periods. Looking at early pre-classic (2000 to 1000BC), we find first evidence of distinct “Mayan” civilizations in Sonusco, Mexico beginning around 1800 BC. This region just happens to border Guatemala where we find occupation as early as 1800 BC in Monte Alto. There it is! We’ve found the Mayans for our second book. Now we have to find reliable sources that support this, dig up as many facts as we can, while not discarding the gray matter- for this is where we can really run with the fictional aspects of the story.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-16026798257251319602008-12-27T15:14:00.000-08:002008-12-27T15:24:36.310-08:00Research<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVLgrn2JFOs3Uu2oKrQJq7eCnFG5OMKoOOUxLBs1__wiOst88rO8CN3l2CGORoU954kikwncPP0JKvlipkw2juysbX2hs0F2C1zCzroon3qd9vosLV5OjFx2hPRBmMuYHtCtTVQGMFGKk/s1600-h/Chinese_Confucius.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5284612817153213122" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 162px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVLgrn2JFOs3Uu2oKrQJq7eCnFG5OMKoOOUxLBs1__wiOst88rO8CN3l2CGORoU954kikwncPP0JKvlipkw2juysbX2hs0F2C1zCzroon3qd9vosLV5OjFx2hPRBmMuYHtCtTVQGMFGKk/s320/Chinese_Confucius.png" border="0" /></a><br /><div>“We are back to immersing ourselves in ancient history, something we began nearly four years ago. The Chinese scenes in the second book in the Timekeepers Series are also set during the Xia dynasty, so we are still working on that time period that the Yiguapai or “skeptical school” often refer to as merely legendary. With no known written texts dating back to this dynasty, it is impossible to say that it really did exist. However, this was also the case with the Shang dynasty until the discovery of the oracle bones whose inscriptions verified its existence. In fact many Chinese archaeologists associate the recently discovered Erlitou Culture of Northern China with that of the Xia Dynasty site. Many Westerners remain unconvinced. For the sake of the story, we are believers! It is a bit like the cameo appearances of our Biblical figures. Many skeptics, lacking faith, call these figures legendary because there is no mention of many of them outside of scripture. In any case, we are given much artistic license with this time period. We are able to draw deeply on the rich stories traditionally attributed to <span style="color:#000000;">Confucius</span>, in fact, we get a lot of storyline prompts from The Sacred Books of the East series issued by Oxford University Press between 1879 and 1910, archived online at www.sacred-texts.com.<br /><br />The new Timekeepers book begins in 1793 BC, over 100 years having passed since Pieces of the Puzzle. While some civilizations represented during this time period do offer verifiable archaeological and written proof of their existence which we can draw from, we will also continue to pull from the history, traditions, and legends of cultures across the world, since this is what they have passed down as their history or belief. We feel that it is an important and respectful part of the story. We offer as a disclaimer in Pieces of the Puzzle “The dates in this time period are uncertain. Even experts disagree and at best can only estimate dates for events based on different factors. In order to complete our story, we had to make a decision on which to use. While new evidence may eventually prove our dates wrong, we know it will verify that life in this area was varied, interesting, and even in some ways advanced.” Where real historical figures are involved we try to remain true to what is known about them, while realizing that their interactions with our characters are necessarily fictional.</div><div><br />Great historical fiction blends fact and fiction in such a way that is difficult to differentiate the two. If our readers are driven to learn more about these fascinating civilizations, we have done our job. </div><br /><div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6737245680571415532.post-9319487974300511162008-12-25T20:58:00.000-08:002008-12-25T21:20:07.559-08:00Jennifer Fowler and I are very excited about the publication of Pieces of the Puzzle, the first book in the new Timekeepers series. <br /><br />"A vial of liquid that bestows immortality, clues to the greatest treasure known to mankind, a talisman meant to open a portal to another dimension; each are pieces of a puzzle that begins when King Gilgamesh’s renowned quest to The Far Away goes awry. When the secret to immortality is stolen, six larger than life heroes must fight ruthless villains to protect a treasure that will either save or destroy the world. And in the midst of the adventure, they realize a mysterious figure from the future knows about them and has an important message for them to unlock.As the quest takes the heroes all over the ancient world, from distant China and Caral to the Indus and Egypt, the non-stop action of intrigue, pirates, kidnappings, and natural disasters will have the reader clamoring for the next novel."<br /><br />Since it was released right in the middle of all the holiday hustle and bustle (and Jennifer's vacation!), our promotional efforts will begin with the ringing in of the new year. We will also start work on the next book of the series. I look forward to sharing our publishing and authoring experiences with our readers!<br /><br />To buy the book, follow either of the following links:<br /><a href="http://www.booklocker.com/books/3740.html">http://www.booklocker.com/books/3740.html</a><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.com/PIECES-PUZZLE-Timekeepers-Book-One/dp/160145662X/ref=ed_oe_p">http://www.amazon.com/PIECES-PUZZLE-Timekeepers-Book-One/dp/160145662X/ref=ed_oe_p</a><br />To learn more, please visit our website: <a href="http://www.portaltohistory.com/">www.portaltohistory.com</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00992756735867724671noreply@blogger.com0